Materials & Welding: November 2011

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Re: [MW:13120] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Dear MPK,
Copper is one of the elements which causes HOT CRACK.
There are two types of Hot Crack
1. Solidification Cracks: Occurs in the Weld Metal (Usually along the
centerline of the weld) as a result of the solidification process.
2. Liquation cracks: Occurs in the course grain HAZ, in the near
vincity of the fusion line as a result of heating the material to an
elevated temperature, high enough to produce liquation of the low
melting point constituents placed on grain boundaries.

Weld bead solidification started above 1400 deg C, and the melting
points of copper is near 1100 deg C.
This is the basic reason.

On Tue, Nov 29, 2011 at 7:02 PM, mpk mpk <ranmi2007@gmail.com> wrote:
> Dear Experts,
>
> What is the Root cause for copper crack in SAW welding ?
>
> thanks,
>
> MPK
>
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>

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Thanks & Regards
Biplab Pal
Industrial Services, Inspection Engineer.
SGS India Pvt. Ltd.
Kolkata Branch
E-mail: biplab.mech@gmail.com

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[MW:13119] why phenumatic test is more critical than hydro test?

Dear Experts,

why phenumatic test is more critical than hydro test?

Thank you,

MPK

RE: [MW:13118] QW-200.4

Short answer is no. The combination referred to in 200.2 (f) is for a single process with PQRs on performed on multiple thicknesses.

John A. Henning

Welding & Materials

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of sevak hiren
Sent: Wednesday, November 30, 2011 6:58 AM
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [MW:13116] QW-200.4

Thanks for explaination, so what does the clause QW-200.1 (f) mean ? Can't we apply this clause to combine two different processes ?

On Wed, Nov 30, 2011 at 9:59 AM, manpreet <manpreetsin88@rediffmail.com> wrote:

Hi Aly,

Below is interpretation based on Mr. John's wonderful explanation to me in this forum:-

Aly's interpretation is correct based on QW-200.4 (b) but if base metal thickness are lesser than 13mm, QW-200.4 (b) does not apply and below would be the answer:-

PQR 1- 1.5mm to 12mm

PQR 2- 5mm to 30mm

Qualified base metal range: 5mm to 12mm ( 1.5mm < T1 < 12mm, 5mm <

T2 < 30mm )

Maximum Qualified GTAW deposit: 12mm

Maximum qualified SMAW deposit: 12mm

QW-200.4 (a) allows you to combine these two PQR’s to support a single WPS. In

such a case the WPS will be restricted to the minimum range qualified by the PQR

base metals (per QW-451); i.e. the intersection of the two individual qualified ranges.

QW-200.4(b) is an exception to the general rules for root pass process qualified with a PQR

with base metal thickness > 13mm, and a second PQR for a fill process qualified with a base

metal thickness greater than the base metal thickness used with the root pass PQR.One example of

an acceptable combination would be PQR 1 –13mm thick base metal w/ GTAW root (for the

purpose of example say 6mm deposit thickness, t) combined with PQR 2: 38mm base metal

thickness welded completely by SAW

These conditions would result in a combined WPS such as:

Qualified base metal range: 5mm to 200mm

Qualified maximum GTAW deposit thickness: 12mm

Qualified maximum SAW deposit thickness: 200mm

Hope this helps, please let me know if in doubt.

Regards

Manpreet Singh

From: "Aly" <mhaskar.aly@gmail.com>
Sent: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:10:03
To: <materials-welding@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [MW:13071] QW-200.4

Advantage of combining two processes:

Suppose u have two wps as below

1: WPS with GTAW with 13mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 26mm max)

2:WPS with SMAW with 20mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 40mm max)

If u combined these two WPS, the advantage you can get is u can weld GTAW process double the max thickness between two process ie (2 x 20mm = 40mm) not upto 26mm only.

You can use more than one WPS in one single joint, just to increase base metal thickness qualification range one can combine two process as per QW-200.4(b).

You can create many WPS from one single PQR as needed.

Hope this is clear for you..

Mhaskar Aly

-------Original Message-------

From: sevak hiren

Date: 18/11/2011 21:08:13

To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Subject: [MW:13020] QW-200.4

Dear experts....Can anyone provide some Section IX interpretations for clause no.QW-200.4 ?................Can anybody explain this clause better ?...........It clearly states that multiple wps of different processes can be combined together and we can make a single wps combining that processes...........and from one pqr combining different processes ,individual wps can be prepared for each process..............the root deposites clause of min 13 mm is an ALTERNATE requirement....is it really applicable in which situation ?...............

Follow Rediff Deal ho jaye! to get exciting offers in your city everyday.

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Thanks & Regards

Hiren Sevak
Surveyor
Bureau Veritas - Ahmedabad
207, Abhishree
Opp Star India Bazaar,
Satellite Road,
Ahmedabad-380015
Tel No. 079-26925491/92

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Re: [MW:13117] Inconel 625 to 70Cu-30Ni Alloy Dissimilar weld

Dear,

I think you should go for ERNiCu7/ENicu7 consumable. Special metal electrode performance is better than others.

Regards,

On Wed, Nov 30, 2011 at 3:04 PM, MUHAMMAD SHAHZAD <shehzadqc@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Sir

I want to weld Inconel 625 (P No. 43) to 70Cu-30Ni alloy (P No.34) which welding Rod/Electrode is the most suitable for GTAW/SMAW process.

--
Muhammad Shahzad
Materials & Corrosion Engineer
Arabian Petrochemical Company (Petrochemya/Sabic)

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Re: [MW:13116] QW-200.4

Thanks for explaination, so what does the clause QW-200.1 (f) mean ? Can't we apply this clause to combine two different processes ?

On Wed, Nov 30, 2011 at 9:59 AM, manpreet <manpreetsin88@rediffmail.com> wrote:

Hi Aly,

Below is interpretation based on Mr. John's wonderful explanation to me in this forum:-

Aly's interpretation is correct based on QW-200.4 (b) but if base metal thickness are lesser than 13mm, QW-200.4 (b) does not apply and below would be the answer:-

PQR 1- 1.5mm to 12mm

PQR 2- 5mm to 30mm

Qualified base metal range: 5mm to 12mm ( 1.5mm < T1 < 12mm, 5mm <

T2 < 30mm )

Maximum Qualified GTAW deposit: 12mm

Maximum qualified SMAW deposit: 12mm

QW-200.4 (a) allows you to combine these two PQR's to support a single WPS. In

such a case the WPS will be restricted to the minimum range qualified by the PQR

base metals (per QW-451); i.e. the intersection of the two individual qualified ranges.

QW-200.4(b) is an exception to the general rules for root pass process qualified with a PQR

with base metal thickness > 13mm, and a second PQR for a fill process qualified with a base

metal thickness greater than the base metal thickness used with the root pass PQR.One example of

an acceptable combination would be PQR 1 –13mm thick base metal w/ GTAW root (for the

purpose of example say 6mm deposit thickness, t) combined with PQR 2: 38mm base metal

thickness welded completely by SAW

These conditions would result in a combined WPS such as:

Qualified base metal range: 5mm to 200mm

Qualified maximum GTAW deposit thickness: 12mm

Qualified maximum SAW deposit thickness: 200mm

Hope this helps, please let me know if in doubt.

Regards

Manpreet Singh

From: "Aly" <mhaskar.aly@gmail.com>
Sent: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:10:03
To: <materials-welding@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [MW:13071] QW-200.4

Advantage of combining two processes:

Suppose u have two wps as below

1: WPS with GTAW with 13mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 26mm max)

2:WPS with SMAW with 20mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 40mm max)

If u combined these two WPS, the advantage you can get is u can weld GTAW process double the max thickness between two process ie (2 x 20mm = 40mm) not upto 26mm only.

You can use more than one WPS in one single joint, just to increase base metal thickness qualification range one can combine two process as per QW-200.4(b).

You can create many WPS from one single PQR as needed.

Hope this is clear for you..

Mhaskar Aly

-------Original Message-------

From: sevak hiren

Date: 18/11/2011 21:08:13

To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Subject: [MW:13020] QW-200.4

Dear experts....Can anyone provide some Section IX interpretations for clause no.QW-200.4 ?................Can anybody explain this clause better ?...........It clearly states that multiple wps of different processes can be combined together and we can make a single wps combining that processes...........and from one pqr combining different processes ,individual wps can be prepared for each process..............the root deposites clause of min 13 mm is an ALTERNATE requirement....is it really applicable in which situation ?...............

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--
Thanks & Regards

Hiren Sevak
Surveyor
Bureau Veritas - Ahmedabad
207, Abhishree
Opp Star India Bazaar,
Satellite Road,
Ahmedabad-380015
Tel No. 079-26925491/92

Re: [MW:13115] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

jamil,

the weld reinforcement depends on the weld thickness and the same can be found in table 341.3.2 of B31.3.

On Wed, Nov 30, 2011 at 3:21 PM, md jamil ahmad <jamilmech2009@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear All,
          Any body explain me,1) what is the minimum acceptance criteria for out side weld reinforcement for power piping or process piping
          I think,in general 1.6 to 3mm,is it correct or not.
         2) In inside welding of pipe what is the minimum and maximum reinforcement criteria,please tell me as per ASME Code.

REGARD
JAMIL AHMAD
KSA

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Re: [MW:13114] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

dear friend

u must check the reinforcement as per wps. you are right, in general it is 1.6 to 3 mm,but cap reinforcement can be more(i.e 4mmm) in thicker pipes or plates.

regard

Mehdi Emami

From: md jamil ahmad <jamilmech2009@gmail.com>
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Sent: Wednesday, November 30, 2011 1:21 PM
Subject: [MW:13113] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

Dear All,
          Any body explain me,1) what is the minimum acceptance criteria for out side weld reinforcement for power piping or process piping
          I think,in general 1.6 to 3mm,is it correct or not.
         2) In inside welding of pipe what is the minimum and maximum reinforcement criteria,please tell me as per ASME Code.

REGARD
JAMIL AHMAD
KSA

[MW:13113] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

[MW:13112] Inconel 625 to 70Cu-30Ni Alloy Dissimilar weld

Dear Sir

I want to weld Inconel 625 (P No. 43) to 70Cu-30Ni alloy (P No.34) which welding Rod/Electrode is the most suitable for GTAW/SMAW process.

Muhammad Shahzad
Materials & Corrosion Engineer
Arabian Petrochemical Company (Petrochemya/Sabic)

RE: FW: [MW:13111] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Dear Sirs,

Thanks a lot for your kind advices.

As we do not know original bolt specification, finally we conducted hardness test.

Base on both PMI result and hardness test result, we choose the nearest one.

Thanks again and best Rgds,

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Fitria Rahman
Sent: Wednesday, November 30, 2011 6:10 AM
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: FW: [MW:13105] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Hi Naing
What I suggest here is get the chemical composition from your bolt specification and compare the PMI result (I did before with Metorex Arc Met-930) against the chemical composition from the specification. Now you can determine is it conform or not. I was always thought that we can not claim the material fall under YYY specification. Only manufacturer has the authority to make a judgment that the material fall under - let's say A105.

Rgds

2011/11/28 Abdul Hafeez <hafeezrabi@hotmail.com>

Dear,

Use latest equipment optical emission spectrograph, so u can all elements even lighter than sulpher. Match results with ASME II .

-----Original Message-----
From: Abdul Hafeez
Sent: 28/11/2011 10:38:28 am
Subject: RE: [MW:13077] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

use optical emission spectrgraph for PMI and compare results with ASME sec II Part A or B.

Regards,
Abdul Hafeez

-----Original Message-----
From: c.nopadon@vipco-thai.com
Sent: 27/11/2011 4:38:25 am
Subject: RE: [MW:13064] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Normal PMI equipment like XRF spectrometer cannot identify C. From my
knowledge , it must be portable spectrometer or similar which will be more
expensive than normal PMI. If PMI is required for stainless of which carbon
content is the issue such as 347H , it is possible that the client will
require PMI result with carbon content.

Regards,

C.Nopadon

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
[mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of pankaj abhang
Sent: Saturday, November 26, 2011 1:04 PM
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [MW:13061] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Dear How you identified carbon in PMI?..........

Regards,
pankaj

On Fri, Nov 4, 2011 at 11:50 PM, meisam shokri arfaei
<meisamshokri@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear friend,

This material is something like CK30. But this kind of material is heat
treatable and you have to sure about this. It is recommended to have a
metallographic test on it for undrestanding such a heat treatment.

Regards

On Fri, Nov 4, 2011 at 1:22 PM, U WYNN-NAING <u.wynn-naing@total.com> wrote:

Dear Experts,

We did PMI test on one unknown machine bolt from crane boom rest and result
is as follow:

Can someone tell me how can we trace the steel grade base on this result.

Is there any software available?

Thanks and Rgds,

WN

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M. Shokri Arfaei

International Welding Engineer (IWE)

ASNT NDT Level III

ERI Metallurgy Lab. Manager

Tel: +98-21-66283696

Fax: +98-21-66283693

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Re: [MW:13110] Radiographic technique shot

Dear Sir,

Thanks for your valued expert advice.

As per ASME SEC V T-290, no where is mentioned about thickness wise as well as diameter wise only technique wise.

If i make only technique wise, is that any violation as per ASME SEC -V

Thanks

Pradip

On Tue, Nov 29, 2011 at 10:42 PM, Raju Kandula <rgkandula@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Pradip..

technique as well as diameter and thickness is right.. the essential variables that has to be noted on the docimentation, changes corresponding to diff daiameter adn the thickness... like iqi selction and the no of films used and the location length, so it wil be easy and prefer to do documentation as per diamter and thickness so it is easy for some one to understand the documentation and easy to trace for future referance...

regards

raju kandula

On Tue, Nov 29, 2011 at 9:14 AM, pradip kumar sil <pradipsil@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Experts,

As per ASME Sec. V T-290 shows radiographic technique documentation details needs only each technic wise i.e single wall/ double wall. But client demanded each technique wise as well as diametre & thickness wise.

My question is which one is correct either technique wise or technique as well as diametre & thicknesswise.

Thanks in advance.

Regards

Pradip

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Re: [MW:13109] P45 to P8

Dear,

This is very tricky welding you can use ER NiCr-3 and ENiCrFe-3 consumables. again it depends on which P45 material you are using. but during welding make sure that dilution of SS side base metal is minimum to avoid micro cracks.

Regards,

On Wed, Nov 30, 2011 at 10:58 AM, Madhu <madhusudan.rout@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear All,

For P45 to P8 material welding, which type consumable
can be use,

For SMAW/GTAW process.

Thanks.

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[MW:13108] P45 to P8

Dear All,

For P45 to P8 material welding, which type consumable
can be use,

For SMAW/GTAW process.

Thanks.

RE: [MW:13107] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Hi MPK

I would like to share one practical example from my past assignments.

In UT after SAW welding of CS, we were getting fine cracks.

The WPS was religiously followed and we were confused !

After lot of investigation we found out that our welding operator had made short the SAW nozzle during welding which had caused copper contamination in the weld and resulted in cracks.

Regards

Prem Nautiyal

Mobile +91 9004063879 / 9769316004

--- On Wed, 11/30/11, pgoswami@sympatico.ca <pgoswami@sympatico.ca> wrote:

From: pgoswami@sympatico.ca <pgoswami@sympatico.ca>
Subject: RE: [MW:13103] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Date: Wednesday, November 30, 2011, 9:22 AM

Hi MPK,

It's a form of solidification cracking caused due to localized segregation of low melting elements. Copper is one of the elements which tends to form so, for C.S and high strength and medium strength low alloy steels.

Please see the reference below.

Thanks.

P.Goswami,P.Eng,IWE

http://content.lincolnelectric.com/pdfs/knowledge/articles/content/weldcracking.pdf

Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:32:37 +0300
Subject: [MW:13100] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?
From: ranmi2007@gmail.com
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Dear Experts,
What is the Root cause for copper crack in SAW welding ?

thanks,
MPK

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Re: [MW:13106] QW-200.4

Hi Aly,

Below is interpretation based on Mr. John's wonderful explanation to me in this forum:-

Aly's interpretation is correct based on QW-200.4 (b) but if base metal thickness are lesser than 13mm, QW-200.4 (b) does not apply and below would be the answer:-

PQR 1- 1.5mm to 12mm

PQR 2- 5mm to 30mm

Qualified base metal range: 5mm to 12mm ( 1.5mm < T1 < 12mm, 5mm <

T2 < 30mm )

Maximum Qualified GTAW deposit: 12mm

Maximum qualified SMAW deposit: 12mm

QW-200.4 (a) allows you to combine these two PQR's to support a single WPS. In

such a case the WPS will be restricted to the minimum range qualified by the PQR

base metals (per QW-451); i.e. the intersection of the two individual qualified ranges.

QW-200.4(b) is an exception to the general rules for root pass process qualified with a PQR

with base metal thickness > 13mm, and a second PQR for a fill process qualified with a base

metal thickness greater than the base metal thickness used with the root pass PQR.One example of

an acceptable combination would be PQR 1 –13mm thick base metal w/ GTAW root (for the

purpose of example say 6mm deposit thickness, t) combined with PQR 2: 38mm base metal

thickness welded completely by SAW

These conditions would result in a combined WPS such as:

Qualified base metal range: 5mm to 200mm

Qualified maximum GTAW deposit thickness: 12mm

Qualified maximum SAW deposit thickness: 200mm

Hope this helps, please let me know if in doubt.

Regards

Manpreet Singh

From: "Aly" <mhaskar.aly@gmail.com>
Sent: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:10:03
To: <materials-welding@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [MW:13071] QW-200.4

Advantage of combining two processes:

Suppose u have two wps as below

1: WPS with GTAW with 13mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 26mm max)

2:WPS with SMAW with 20mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 40mm max)

If u combined these two WPS, the advantage you can get is u can weld GTAW process double the max thickness between two process ie (2 x 20mm = 40mm) not upto 26mm only.

You can use more than one WPS in one single joint, just to increase base metal thickness qualification range one can combine two process as per QW-200.4(b).

You can create many WPS from one single PQR as needed.

Hope this is clear for you..

Mhaskar Aly

-------Original Message-------

From: sevak hiren

Date: 18/11/2011 21:08:13

To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Subject: [MW:13020] QW-200.4

FREE Animations for your email - by IncrediMail! Click Here!

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RE: [MW:13103] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Hi MPK,

It's a form of solidification cracking caused due to localized segregation of low melting elements. Copper is one of the elements which tends to form so, for C.S and high strength and medium strength low alloy steels.

Please see the reference below.

Thanks.

P.Goswami,P.Eng,IWE

http://content.lincolnelectric.com/pdfs/knowledge/articles/content/weldcracking.pdf

Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 16:32:37 +0300
Subject: [MW:13100] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?
From: ranmi2007@gmail.com
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Dear Experts,
What is the Root cause for copper crack in SAW welding ?

thanks,
MPK

Re: FW: [MW:13105] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

2011/11/28 Abdul Hafeez <hafeezrabi@hotmail.com>

Dear,

Use latest equipment optical emission spectrograph, so u can all elements even lighter than sulpher. Match results with ASME II .

-----Original Message-----
From: Abdul Hafeez
Sent: 28/11/2011 10:38:28 am
Subject: RE: [MW:13077] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

use optical emission spectrgraph for PMI and compare results with ASME sec II Part A or B.

Regards,
Abdul Hafeez

-----Original Message-----
From: c.nopadon@vipco-thai.com
Sent: 27/11/2011 4:38:25 am
Subject: RE: [MW:13064] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Normal PMI equipment like XRF spectrometer cannot identify C. From my
knowledge , it must be portable spectrometer or similar which will be more
expensive than normal PMI. If PMI is required for stainless of which carbon
content is the issue such as 347H , it is possible that the client will
require PMI result with carbon content.

Regards,

C.Nopadon

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
[mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of pankaj abhang
Sent: Saturday, November 26, 2011 1:04 PM
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [MW:13061] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Dear How you identified carbon in PMI?..........

Regards,
pankaj

On Fri, Nov 4, 2011 at 11:50 PM, meisam shokri arfaei
<meisamshokri@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear friend,

This material is something like CK30. But this kind of material is heat
treatable and you have to sure about this. It is recommended to have a
metallographic test on it for undrestanding such a heat treatment.

Regards

On Fri, Nov 4, 2011 at 1:22 PM, U WYNN-NAING <u.wynn-naing@total.com> wrote:

Dear Experts,

We did PMI test on one unknown machine bolt from crane boom rest and result
is as follow:

Can someone tell me how can we trace the steel grade base on this result.

Is there any software available?

Thanks and Rgds,

WN

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ERI Metallurgy Lab. Manager

Tel: +98-21-66283696

Fax: +98-21-66283693

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Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Re: [MW:13104] Radiographic technique shot

Dear Pradip..

technique as well as diameter and thickness is right.. the essential variables that has to be noted on the docimentation, changes corresponding to diff daiameter adn the thickness... like iqi selction and the no of films used and the location length, so it wil be easy and prefer to do documentation as per diamter and thickness so it is easy for some one to understand the documentation and easy to trace for future referance...

regards

raju kandula

On Tue, Nov 29, 2011 at 9:14 AM, pradip kumar sil <pradipsil@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Experts,

As per ASME Sec. V T-290 shows radiographic technique documentation details needs only each technic wise i.e single wall/ double wall. But client demanded each technique wise as well as diametre & thickness wise.

My question is which one is correct either technique wise or technique as well as diametre & thicknesswise.

Thanks in advance.

Regards

Pradip

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Re: [MW:13102] QW-200.4

No need to combine two WPS if you don't want benefit thickness of BM, you can use more one WPS in a single joint,if your WPS is qualified for BM thickness..

Mhaskar Aly

-------Original Message-------

From: sevak hiren

Date: 29/11/2011 11:27:06

To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Subject: Re: [MW:13084] QW-200.4

Dear Sir,

Thanks for reply, but apart from your expaination, please let me know can we combine two existing WPS of different processes (Say GTAW & SMAW) of less than 13 mm thk in a single production joint as per QW-200.1 (f) ?

On Sun, Nov 27, 2011 at 10:41 PM, Aly <mhaskar.aly@gmail.com> wrote:

Advantage of combining two processes:

Suppose u have two wps as below

1: WPS with GTAW with 13mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 26mm max)

2:WPS with SMAW with 20mm base plate thickness (Base metal Qualification range is 40mm max)

If u combined these two WPS, the advantage you can get is u can weld GTAW process double the max thickness between two process ie (2 x 20mm = 40mm) not upto 26mm only.

You can use more than one WPS in one single joint, just to increase base metal thickness qualification range one can combine two process as per QW-200.4(b).

You can create many WPS from one single PQR as needed.

Hope this is clear for you..

Mhaskar Aly

-------Original Message-------

From: sevak hiren

Date: 18/11/2011 21:08:13

To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Subject: [MW:13020] QW-200.4

--
Thanks & Regards

Hiren Sevak
Surveyor
Bureau Veritas - Ahmedabad
207, Abhishree
Opp Star India Bazaar,
Satellite Road,
Ahmedabad-380015
Tel No. 079-26925491/92

Re: [MW:13101] Re: contrast of film radiographic

Hi,

Contrast, definition, detail etc. are qualitative(can not be measured) term , whereas, Density is a quantitative (can be measured) term.

Following is the extraction from www.ndt-ed.org , which may be helpful to you.

Radiographic contrast describes the differences in photographic density in a radiograph. The contrast between different parts of the image is what forms the image and the greater the contrast, the more visible features become. Radiographic contrast has two main contributors: subject contrast and detector or film contrast.

Subject contrast is determined by the following variables:
- Absorption differences in the specimen
- Wavelength of the primary radiation
- Scatter or secondary radiation

Film contrast is determined by the following:

- Grain size or type of film
- Chemistry of film processing chemicals
- Concentrations of film processing chemicals
- Time of development
- Temperature of development
- Degree of mechanical agitation (physical motion)

Exposing the film to produce higher film densities will generally increase contrast. In other words, darker areas will increase in density faster than lighter areas because in any given period of time more x-rays are reaching the darker areas. Lead screens in the thickness range of 0.004 to 0.015 inch typically reduce scatter radiation at energy levels below 150, 000 volts. Above this point they will emit electrons to provide more exposure of the film to ionizing radiation thus increasing the density of the radiograph. Fluorescent screens produce visible light when exposed to radiation and this light further exposes the film.

Definition

Radiographic definition is the abruptness of change in going from one density to another. There are a number of geometric factors of the X-ray equipment and the radiographic setup that have an effect on definition. These geometric factors include:
- Focal spot size, which is the area of origin of the radiation. The focal spot size should be as close to a point source as possible to produce the most definition.
- Source to film distance, which is the distance from the source to the part. Definition increases as the source to film distance increase.
- Specimen to detector (film) distance, which is the distance between the specimen and the detector. For optimal definition, the specimen and detector should be as close together as possible. .
- Abrupt changes in specimen thickness may cause distortion on the radiograph.
- Movement of the specimen during the exposure will produce distortion on the radiograph.
- Film graininess, and screen mottling will decrease definition. The grain size of the film will affect the definition of the radiograph. Wavelength of the radiation will influence apparent graininess. As the wavelength shortens and penetration increases, the apparent graininess of the film will increase. Also, increased development of the film will increase the apparent graininess of the radiograph.

Nandeesh

From: Mohamed Motawea <eng.motawea@gmail.com>
To: Materials & Welding <materials-welding@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, 29 November 2011 3:12 PM
Subject: [MW:13095] Re: contrast of film radiographic

Dear sir;
There is differnec between the film contrast and film density.

Regards;
Mohamed

On Nov 29, 10:43 am, yogeshkumar Kumbhar <kumbharyoge...@gmail.com>
wrote:
> Dear Mehdi,
>
> Measure radiography film contrast ( Density ) by densitometer.
>
> Regard's
>
> Yogesh V Kumbhar
>
>
>
> On Tue, Nov 29, 2011 at 10:21 AM, Mehdi Emami <mehdi.em...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> > Dear experts
> > Can anyone tell me how to measure contrast of radiographic films?in fact,
> > I want Definition & contrast calculation method
> > Thanks
>
> > --
> > To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com
> > To unsubscribe from this group, send email to
> > materials-welding+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
> > For more options, visit this group's bolg at
> >http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/
> > The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and
> > meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions
> > w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents.- Hide quoted text -
>
> - Show quoted text -

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[MW:13100] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Dear Experts,

What is the Root cause for copper crack in SAW welding ?

thanks,

MPK

Re: [MW:13099] Gasket for Hydro testing of pressure vessel

Dear Ali,

We can use original service gaskets in locations other than reinstatement flanges @ test boundaries. For reinstatement flanges we can use any other because we will reinstate the original.

Muthusamy

UAE

On 28 November 2011 20:49, Aly <mhaskar.aly@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Experts,

Could you please advise on whether to use original service gaskets for hydro testing or any other gasket ca be used?

Thanks in advance.

Mhaskar Aly

UAE

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Materials & Welding

Wednesday, November 30, 2011

Re: [MW:13120] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

[MW:13119] why phenumatic test is more critical than hydro test?

RE: [MW:13118] QW-200.4

Re: [MW:13117] Inconel 625 to 70Cu-30Ni Alloy Dissimilar weld

Re: [MW:13116] QW-200.4

Re: [MW:13115] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

Re: [MW:13114] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

[MW:13113] Minimum acceptance criteria for weld reinforcement for pipe and plate

[MW:13112] Inconel 625 to 70Cu-30Ni Alloy Dissimilar weld

RE: FW: [MW:13111] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Re: [MW:13110] Radiographic technique shot

Re: [MW:13109] P45 to P8

[MW:13108] P45 to P8

RE: [MW:13107] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Re: [MW:13106] QW-200.4

RE: [MW:13103] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Re: FW: [MW:13105] Type of steel as per chemical proterties

Tuesday, November 29, 2011

Re: [MW:13104] Radiographic technique shot

Re: [MW:13102] QW-200.4

Re: [MW:13101] Re: contrast of film radiographic

[MW:13100] what is the root cause for copper crack in saw welding ?

Re: [MW:13099] Gasket for Hydro testing of pressure vessel

[MW:35346] Cast-iron welding

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