| Dear Dr.Paulose John, As per your statement in SEC IX QW 301.2 and API 1104 para 6.2.1 it has been not mentioned regarding the minimum number of welder to be qualified by one WPS QW-301.2 Qualification Tests. Each manufacturer orContractor shall qualify each welder or welding operator For each welding process to be used in production welding. The performance qualification test shall be welded in accordance With qualified Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS), 6.2.1 General (API 1104) For single qualification, a welder shall make a test weld Using a qualified procedure to join pipe nipples or segments Of pipe nipples. The welder shall make a butt weld in either The rolled or the fixed position. When the welder is qualifying In the fixed position, the axis of the pipe shall be in the horizontal Plane, in the vertical plane, or inclined from the horizontal Plane at an angle of not more than 45°. A welder making a single-qualification test for branch connections, Fillet welds, or other similar configurations shall follow The specific procedure specification. Sir please clarify. Here By, P.BalajiRajan, Inspection Engineer, Velosi Certification LLC, P.O 3408 Doha-Qatar. -------Original Message------- Minimum number of welders to be qualified by one WPS is - One welder. The welder who performs the PQR coupen welding is automatically becomes qualified. Please refer 2nd para of QW 301.2 of Section IX:2010 and para 621 of API 1104:2007. Regards, Dr. Paulose John QA/QC Manager, Unisis Engineering, Saudi Arabia . On Sat, 30 Oct 2010 14:15:07 , No ID Specified wrote
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Introduction The colour formed when stainless steel is heated, either in a furnace application or in the heat affected zone of welds, is dependent on several factors that are related to the oxidation resistance of the steel. The heat tint or temper colour formed is caused by the progressive thickening of the surface oxide layer and so, as temperature is increased, the colours change. Oxidation resistance of stainless steels However, there are several factors that affect the degree of colour change and so there is no a single table of colour and temperature that represents all cases. The colours formed can only be used as an indication of the temperature to which the steel has been heated. Factors affecting the heat tint colours formed Steel composition The chromium content is the most important single factor affecting oxidation resistance. The higher the chromium, the more heat resistant the steel and so the development of the heat tint colou...
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