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[MW:3572] RE: 3571] Hardfacing

E307-16 / EZ 18 9 MnMoR 3 2 E307-15 / E 18 8 Mn B 2 2   Greets,   Arjan van Vessum   From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Vishal Mehta Sent: Saturday, October 31, 2009 11:32 AM To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Subject: [MW:3571] Hardfacing   hello all,   I need to know the metal composition of 42CrMo4V. Also we need to do hardfacing of this to attain 280BHn after machining. Please suggest which grade of hardfacing electrode can be used.   Whether stellite can work? which grade   regards   VISHAL MEHTA --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding....

[MW:3571] Hardfacing

hello all, I need to know the metal composition of 42CrMo4V. Also we need to do hardfacing of this to attain 280BHn after machining. Please suggest which grade of hardfacing electrode can be used. Whether stellite can work? which grade regards VISHAL MEHTA --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---

[MW:3570] RE: 3564] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut

Hi dear Thanks for your answer But this is not my question according to iso 5817    we have not any short imperfection for thickness more than 3 mm.now what must I do ? Best regards   From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of ankit gupta Sent: Wednesday, October 28, 2009 3:26 PM To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Subject: [MW:3564] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut   Slight intermittent undercut permitted provided it does not form a sharp notch; depth should not exceed @4 mm WITH WARM REGARDS      ANKIT GUPTA        Er@BHEL --- On Wed, 10/28/09, Arjan van Vessum <vess_kiwi26@hotmail.com> wrote: From: Arjan van Vessum <vess_kiwi26@hotmail.com> Subject: [MW:3563] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut To: materi...

[MW:3568] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut

one classic rule of thumb,use your fingernail to feel the undercut.If it over the limit specified below(i.e unacceptable), you would feel the undercut.If not the fingernail(i.e undercut is in the acceptable range) will glide over the undercut smoothly.   Thanks   PGoswami   From: vess_kiwi26@hotmail.com To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Subject: [MW:3563] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2009 12:16:36 +0100 Whats the wall tickness???   For criteria class C, check if h ≤0,1 t but max 0,5 mm... If weld length is appr 100mm a 25mm discontinuity is allowed as per section 3.3 (EN ISO 5817)   greets,   Arjan van Vessum       Subject: [MW:3556] acceptance crerteria of undercut Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2009 08:29:49 +0330 From: Samimi@mapnagenerator.com To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Hi dear Please let me know that according to iso 5817 rev: 2005 class C the undercut with 0.2mm depth and 24 mm len...

[MW:3569] Re: Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel

Dear Folks,   Some notes on 17-4 PH steel are as follows:-   Under ideal conditions, the alloy can be best welded when fresh from the mill, and supplied in solution annealed condition. After welding with matching SMAW electrode SFA 5.4 Type 630 or matching GTAW filler metal, one would get the best properties but the weld has to be  aged to get the ASTM/ASME code specified meachanical properties.   Generally 17-4 PH steel ( UNS 17400) is covered in ASME-Sec-II Part-A , under specification, SA564 Type 630   and by ASTM specification A693 Type 630   If the alloy is supplied in solution annealed and aged condition , then welding it in situ with matching 630 electrodes would not be ideal, since the alloy already would have very high strength and very low ductility (typicall 8-14% depending on aging temperature).   The only and the best option is to weld with Austenitic S.S electrodes, such as E-ER 308/308L or E-ER-309/30...

[MW:3567] PQR for 516 Gr60- HIC material

Dear all, I need to make a PQR for 516 Gr 60N-HIC material for thickness ranging from 10mm to 32mm with PWHT. Please suggest me what additional tests are required for HIC(Hydrogen Induced Cracking) material for the PQR along with Physical & Chemical Tests. Thanks in advance. Regards. Yusufkhan --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---

[MW:3566] RE: 3565] Re: 3559] CONSUMABLES

You cannot change charpy values in HAZ by other welding consumable. Only weld cycle (t8/5), PWHT and chemical composition of basemetal effect HAZ properties. Check if you can lower  heat-input. What wall thickness, in which HAZ ?   Normally CrMo1 should be able to generate good impact values in weld metal, if you did not have excessive dilution with 4130, and if you do not have excessive high heat input and correct PWHT temp and holding temp.   As I wrote before : the longer PWHT the higher charpy values   Resume ·          low heat input (thin layers), ·          CrMo1 (B2) consumable, ·          PWHT 690 X 8 hrs.    With kind regards, Erwin GERING   Van: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] Namens vipin george Verzonden: woensdag 28 oktober 20...

[MW:3565] Re: 3559] CONSUMABLES

Dear Rajagopal, I am also, requiring this procedure,i've got two failed PQR's 1)I tried to weld AISI4130 TO SA 182 F22V, with ER 80S-B2 & E8018-B2H4 It's failed in the WCL & Impact Preheat: 260 Degree C Interpass:300 Degree C Maximum PWHT:690 Degree , Heating & Cooling rate :150 Deg C/hr per inch thk Holding time:90 minutes Please advise do we have to follow mandatory appendix-31 for impact acceptance 2))I tried to weld AISI4130 TO SA 182 F22V, with ER 80S-D2 & E10018-D2 It's failed in the HAZ  & Impact @ -29 degree C Preheat: 260 Degree C Interpass:300 Degree C Maximum PWHT:675 Degree , Heating & Cooling rate :150 Deg C/hr per inch thk Holding time:90 minutes Please suggest me an other alternative consumable.I've to qualify this procedure urgently.Please anyone out there who can guide me in this Thanks & Regards, vipin george Specialist services, Dubai On Wed, Oct 28, 2009 at 12:12 PM, GERING, Erwin < Erwin.GERING@airliquide.com...

[MW:3564] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut

Slight intermittent undercut permitted provided it does not form a sharp notch; depth should not exceed @4 mm WITH WARM REGARDS      ANKIT GUPTA        Er@BHEL --- On Wed, 10/28/09, Arjan van Vessum <vess_kiwi26@hotmail.com> wrote: From: Arjan van Vessum <vess_kiwi26@hotmail.com> Subject: [MW:3563] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Date: Wednesday, October 28, 2009, 4:46 PM Whats the wall tickness???   For criteria class C, check if h ≤0,1 t but max 0,5 mm... If weld length is appr 100mm a 25mm discontinuity is allowed as per section 3.3 (EN ISO 5817)   greets,   Arjan van Vessum       Subject: [MW:3556] acceptance crerteria of undercut Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2009 08:29:49 +0330 From: Samimi@mapnagenerator.com To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Hi dear Please let me know that according to iso 5817 rev: 2005 class C the undercut with 0.2mm depth and ...

[MW:3563] Re: acceptance crerteria of undercut

Whats the wall tickness???   For criteria class C, check if h ≤0,1 t but max 0,5 mm... If weld length is appr 100mm a 25mm discontinuity is allowed as per section 3.3 (EN ISO 5817)   greets,   Arjan van Vessum       Subject: [MW:3556] acceptance crerteria of undercut Date: Wed, 28 Oct 2009 08:29:49 +0330 From: Samimi@mapnagenerator.com To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Hi dear Please let me know that according to iso 5817 rev: 2005 class C the undercut with 0.2mm depth and 24 mm length in Butt Weld and 100 mm length of our product is acceptable or not.if yes or no please explain exactly with detail.   Best regards Alireza Samimi __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus signature database 4530 (20091021) __________ The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus. http://www.eset.com --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googl...

[MW:3562] RE: 3559] CONSUMABLES

First idea is to use CrMo2 consumables (or CrMo1 could be solution too, depending on application / requirements) Preheat 200 degrC PWHT at 690 °C , however ·          PWHT temperature is depending on strength requirements 4130 and required charpy values in weld metal ·          duration is depending on wall thickness and required charpy values in weld metal   Stick electrodes ·          OERLIKON CROMOCORD 2 STC ·          OERLIKON OE KV3 HR TIG rod: ·          OERLKON CARBOROD CrMo2  or ·          OERLIKON CARBOROD KV3 (=B2)   Erwin Gering AIR LIQUIDE WELDING   Van: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] Namens rajagopal kannan Verzonden: woensdag 28 oktobe...

[MW:3561] Re: PED Recognised Third Party Organisations (RTPO)

The following are authorized for PED qualification issue: 1.Lloyd's regirstrar 2. TWI ( TWI in malaysia being nearer to your place, you can contact them) 3.TUV-nord,Germany etc.., Thanks ! Larsen & Toubro Limited www.larsentoubro.com This Email may contain confidential or privileged information for the intended recipient (s) If you are not the intended recipient, please do not use or disseminate the information, notify the sender and delete it from your system. >>> "Tran Van Vuong" < vuong.tv @ gmail.com > 28/10/2009 12:45 pm >>> Dear, We are operating in NDT. Our service qualified according to SNT-TC-1A. Now we are finding The Body as Recognized Third Party Organizations (RTPO) for qualification in PED projects. Please let me know some this organization. Best regards, TRAN VAN VUONG Deputy Technical Director HP +84 912 262 085 Email: vuongtv@phateco.com ------------------------------------------- PHATECO Pha Rung Technical Services JSC. ...

[MW:3560] Re: PT after root pass in SS welding

Dear Mr.Devang Naik What is meant by hot MT ? Is it possible for Austenitic Stainless Steels ? Regards Prem Nautiyal Godrej,Mumbai Cell:9820313278 On Tue, 27 Oct 2009 20:49:24 +0530 wrote >Dear Mr. Syed and Mr. Prem > > You may go for hot MT after root pass. > > Thanks > > Devang Naik > > On Tue, 27 Oct 2009 11:22:17 +0530 wrote > > > > > Hello Syed > > > > > > You can very well conduct PT after Root pass while welding SS, only ensure that temp. has come below 52 degreeC. > > > We regularly conduct PT after root pass when welding SS jobs even upto 70mm thick with GTAW. > > > > > > The chances of cracking after GTAW root pass is seen in thick sections of CS and LAS material i.e above 20/25mm thick OR having high restraints. Hence while welding such materials,we conduct PT after hot pass only. > > > For thin sections LPT can be done s...

[MW:3559] CONSUMABLES

Dear Members, Could you please suggest me the apt consumable for GTAW and SMAW to weld SA 182 Gr. F22 cl.1 with AISI 4130? Thanks and Best Regards, K.Rajagopal --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---

[MW:3558] PED Recognised Third Party Organisations (RTPO)

Dear,   We are operating in NDT. Our service qualified according to SNT-TC-1A.   Now we are finding The Body as Recognized Third Party Organizations (RTPO) for qualification in PED projects.   Please let me know some this organization.   Best regards,   TRAN VAN VUONG Deputy Technical Director HP +84 912 262 085 Email: vuongtv@phateco.com ------------------------------------------- PHATECO Pha Rung Technical Services JSC. Inspection Services Add: 308 Van Cao Str., Haiphong City, Vietnam Tel: +84 31 6 260 254 Fax: +84 31 3 559 448 Email: admin@phateco.com Website: www.phateco.com --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/e...

[MW:3557] Re: Filler Flange!

these are used in many ways to connect FRP flanges, or even reducing fillers, mostly in utility lines, may get some info AWWA The PTFE Filler Flanges are used to connect flanges with raised faces or sealing surfaces-especially those of plastic lined steel pipe-to flat faced plastic flanges. Without filler flanges, when the bolts are tightened on such a joint, the plastic flange will, most likely, break. The filler flange fills the gap that lies between the OD of the raised surface and the OD of the flange, flattening the face in contact with the plastic flange. Reducing Flange Fillers can be furnished for connecting pipe of two different diameters. In such cases, the fillers have two sets of bolt holes with one or both sets of holes tapped for studs. On Oct 28, 8:43 am, "Bagesh" < bagesh....@gmail.com > wrote: > Recently while going through a project document of our project, I found a > term named "FILLER FLANGE".  I would like to know the const...

[MW:3556] acceptance crerteria of undercut

Hi dear Please let me know that according to iso 5817 rev: 2005 class C the undercut with 0.2mm depth and 24 mm length in Butt Weld and 100 mm length of our product is acceptable or not.if yes or no please explain exactly with detail.   Best regards Alireza Samimi __________ Information from ESET NOD32 Antivirus, version of virus signature database 4530 (20091021) __________ The message was checked by ESET NOD32 Antivirus. http://www.eset.com --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~---...

[MW:3555] Filler Flange!

Recently while going through a project document of our project, I found a term named “FILLER FLANGE”.  I would like to know the constructability and its usage in Piping terms. I would like to put the same on the discussion topic so that I along with the unknown members can go through it. I have heard its usage is for connecting Flat face flanges with Raised Face Flanges. Thanking You.   Bagesh Kumar. --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--...

[MW:3554] Re: Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel

Dear all, Thanks for the replies. I am trying to recommend them to use Avesta 248 SV rutile electrode www.avestawelding.com/3206.epibrw Which I have it on our stock. I see that the chemicals composition and mechanical properties is only have a little bit different, while this type of electrode not comply to AWS E630 @ Prem : I interest to your WPS when you apply E308L for your case, please send me directly a copy of it. Thanks for cooperation. Best regards, Maringan On 10/27/09, PREM SHANKARDUTT NAUTIYAL < prem_nautiyal@rediffmail.com > wrote: > > Hi > > We weld 17-4PH with E308L electrodes for SMAW process. > I will send you the complete welding procedure tomorrow if you require.. > > Regards > > Prem Nautiyal > Cell:9820313278 > > On Tue, 27 Oct 2009 18:01:48 +0530 wrote >>Sir > If 17-4PH is it pre trated to any specfic condition as like 950, 1075 or > 1100, 1150 ? > If pre trated , then it would be best to use 312 type elect...

[MW:3553] Re: Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel

Hi We weld 17-4PH with E308L electrodes for SMAW process. I will send you the complete welding procedure tomorrow if you require.. Regards Prem Nautiyal Cell:9820313278 On Tue, 27 Oct 2009 18:01:48 +0530 wrote >Sir If 17-4PH is it pre trated to any specfic condition as like 950, 1075 or 1100, 1150 ? If pre trated , then it would be best to use 312 type electrode Regards Suneel Gore > >--- On Tue, 27/10/09, Maringan Hutagalung wrote: > >From: Maringan Hutagalung >Subject: [MW:3549] Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel >To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com >Date: Tuesday, 27 October, 2009, 12:32 PM > > >Dear all, > >Our customer as a pulp and paper mill service are repairing >a liner in a rotor housing, the material is a cast steel type 17-4PH. > >For repair of some defect caused corrosion and abrasion wear, they >require an electrode AWS E630. > >Does anyone can give an advice for other type of ...

[MW:3552] Re: Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel

Sir If 17-4PH is it pre trated to any specfic condition as like 950, 1075 or 1100, 1150 ? If pre trated , then it would be best to use 312 type electrode Regards Suneel Gore --- On Tue, 27/10/09, Maringan Hutagalung <maringan.hutagalung@gmail.com> wrote: From: Maringan Hutagalung <maringan.hutagalung@gmail.com> Subject: [MW:3549] Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Date: Tuesday, 27 October, 2009, 12:32 PM Dear all, Our customer as a pulp and paper mill service are repairing a liner in a rotor housing, the material is a cast steel type 17-4PH. For repair of some defect caused corrosion and abrasion wear, they require an electrode AWS E630. Does anyone can give an advice for other type of electrode to substitute a E630 since we don't have stock of it. Thanks in advance Maringan -- Sent from my mobile device From cricket scores to your friends. Try the Yahoo! India Homepage! --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--...

[MW:3551] RE: 3547] Re: PT after root pass in SS welding

Dear all, Maintaining interpass temperature is up to the WPS preparing authority. You can stop very well at root pass, cool down and carry on PT. This shall be established in WPS / PQR enabling to follow the same during production welding.   Regards,   R.Gopalasamy, Sr.QA/QC Consultant, Hindustan Oil Exploration Company Ltd, PY1, Onshore Gas Processing Facility, Thirukkadaiyur. email : rgopalasamy @hoec.com Mobile : 09789090752 -------------------------------------------------------------------- HOEC Email Disclaimer : http://www.hoec.com/email_disclaimer.htm From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com on behalf of PREM SHANKARDUTT NAUTIYAL Sent: Mon 10/26/2009 7:40 PM To: smmubarakqc@gmail.com Cc: materials-welding@googlegroups.com Subject: [MW:3547] Re: PT after root pass in SS welding Hello Syed You can very well conduct PT after Root pass while welding SS, only ensure that temp. has come below 52 degreeC. We regularly conduct PT after root pas...

[MW:3550] Re: Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel

Dear Maringan, If you have stock of 25/12 electrode you can use of it. It is a superior electrode but costlier than the E630. Muniyandi On Tue, Oct 27, 2009 at 12:32 PM, Maringan Hutagalung < maringan.hutagalung@gmail.com > wrote: Dear all, Our customer as a pulp and paper mill service are repairing a liner in a rotor housing, the material is a cast steel type 17-4PH. For repair of some defect caused corrosion and abrasion wear, they require an electrode AWS E630. Does anyone can give an advice for other type of electrode to substitute a E630 since we don't have stock of it. Thanks in advance Maringan -- Sent from my mobile device --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views e...

[MW:3549] Electrode for 17-4 PH cast steel

Dear all, Our customer as a pulp and paper mill service are repairing a liner in a rotor housing, the material is a cast steel type 17-4PH. For repair of some defect caused corrosion and abrasion wear, they require an electrode AWS E630. Does anyone can give an advice for other type of electrode to substitute a E630 since we don't have stock of it. Thanks in advance Maringan -- Sent from my mobile device --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---

[MW:3548] heat treated astm pipe is preferred than non heat treated api 5l pipes

dear group members, why heat treated astm pipe is preferred than non heat treated api 5l pipes. regards dinesh --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding-unsubscribe@googlegroups.com For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/ The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents. -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---

[MW:3547] Re: PT after root pass in SS welding

Hello Syed You can very well conduct PT after Root pass while welding SS, only ensure that temp. has come below 52 degreeC. We regularly conduct PT after root pass when welding SS jobs even upto 70mm thick with GTAW. The chances of cracking after GTAW root pass is seen in thick sections of CS and LAS material i.e above 20/25mm thick OR having high restraints. Hence while welding such materials,we conduct PT after hot pass only. For thin sections LPT can be done safely after root pass for CS/LAS material. This is only my experience which i would like to share with you!! Regards Prem Nautiyal Godrej, Mumbai Cell:9820313278 On Sun, 25 Oct 2009 17:12:07 +0530 wrote >Recently I faced the following issue and kindly clarify my doubt. A qualified WPS for stainless steel (A312-TP304H) requires PT after root pass. After root pass, its not possible to perform PT immediately unless the temperature reduces. But, in normal practice,any weld is not to be stopped before completin...

[MW:3545] Re: Reason for preheating

Hi, Pre heating of weld joints is to remove the tensile residual stresses, due to welding and to homogenise the material. Particularly tensile residual stresses- If the tensile residual stress of the material exceeds more than 50 % of the yield stress of the material, it will lead to localised yielding/cracking. Regards, Vaidehi ganesan, Metallurgy and Materials Group, IGCAR, Kalpakkam-603 102, India. ============================================================================ ----- Original Message ----- From: "redbull" < mohanq8@gmail.com > To: "Materials & Welding" < materials-welding@googlegroups.com > Sent: Mon, Oct 26, 09 12:44 Subject: [MW:3544] Reason for preheating > > Dear friends, > > Is there any other reason for preheating of weld joints other than > Code requirements (B31.3). any metallurgical requirement etc., > > Regards, > > Mohan. > > ------------------------------------------------------------------...

[MW:3546] RE: 3544] Reason for preheating

 Pre Heating : To control the formation of H2 cracks. Control the effects of expansion & contractional stresses.  PREHEATING  What is Preheat? Preheating involves heating the base metal, either in its entirety or just the region surrounding the joint, to a specific desired temperature, called the preheat temperature, prior to welding/cutting. Heating may be continued during the welding process, but frequently the heat from welding is sufficient to maintain the desired temperature without a continuation of the external heat source. The interpass temperature, defined as the temperature between the first and last welding passes, can not fall below the preheat temperature. Why Preheat? There are four primary reasons to utilize preheat: (1) it lowers the cooling rate in the weld metal and base metal, producing a more ductile metallurgical structure with greater resistance to cracking; (2) the slower cooling rate provides an opportunity for any hydrogen that ...