Effect of Carburizing Temperature on Carbon Penetration The penetration of carbon into the steel in gas carburizing depends on the carburizing temperature, the time at temperature, and the carburizing agent. Because the solubility of carbon is greatest above the Ac3 temperature, carburization takes place most readily above this temperature.
Furthermore, the higher the temperature is, the greater the rate of carbon penetration will be, because the rate of diffusion is greater. Thus, it is customary to select a temperature approximately 40°C (70°F) above the Ac3 point. The time at the carburizing temperature is the most influencing factor in the control of the depth of carbon penetration. Temperatures as low as 790°C and as high as 985°C (1450 and 1800°F) have been used for carburizing.
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