Materials & Welding: May 2011

Tuesday, May 31, 2011

[MW:11226] Piggy-back pipeline installation

Hi everyone¡¡¡

We are tendering for a 24" Ø and 4" Ø piggy-back pipeline project.

I'm looking for a operational procedure or technique to install the pipelines. I know that the 4" Ø piggy-back pipeline is holded on the 24" Ø carrier pipeline, but how to weld the 4" Ø field joints and put it onto the 24" Ø pipeline inside the ramp of the barge?

Thanks for your time and help.

Eduardo Calva

[MW:11225] bend test specimen size

Dear experts,

can u help me? what is the size for bend test specimen for plate ?

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RE: [MW:11225] any one can explain how welding CRACKS looks on x-ray film of any welded pipes ETC. ----

Rgds

raj

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Chandrahas Rathod
Sent: Tuesday, May 31, 2011 09:45
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [MW:11220] any one can explain how welding CRACKS looks on x-ray film of any welded pipes ETC. ----

hi,
it will be straight under lower mag and same will be in zig-zag/tapered in both direction under high mag.
each zig-zag point connects to make a straight line(H .mag).
under low mag u can see zig-zag only if the residual/ service stress is high enough to reveal it and it will be not straight at normal mag.

On Sun, May 29, 2011 at 2:24 PM, sajidalam mohd. <engineer_makes_world@yahoo.co.in> wrote:

DEAR EXPERTS

GOOD DAY

CAN ANY ONE EXPLAIN HOWS CRACKS IN WELD ON X-RAY FILMS LOOKS?

IT LOOK LIKE ZIZ ZAG???

ITS LOOKS LIKE THIN/NARROW STRAIGHT LINE???

BECAUSE I AM CONFUSED ABOUT INDICATION OF CRACKS OF WELDING ON X-RAY FILM?

WAITING FOR REPLY.

REGARDS

MOHAMMAD SAZID ALAM

INSPECTION ENGINEER

AICO-DAMMAM

MOBILE:-0534077860

_____________________________________________________________________________________

C . R . RATHOD
PhD Student

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL,MATERIALS & MECHATRONIC ENGINEERING

SMART BLDG 6, ROOM NO: 107

UNIVERISTY OF WOLLONGONG - 2522

NEW SOUTH WALES

AUSTRALIA

M : +61434059865
P : 04239 2356

A-E : crr716@uowmail.edu.au

______________________________________________________________________________________

Minds are like parachutes - they only function when open. - Thomas Dewar
_____________________________________________________________

If you do not understand my silence, you will not understand my words
_____________________________________________________________

[MW:11224] delayed crack

Hi gents,

Can someone drop me some information (article) about delayed cracks (post heat cracks) and which group materials are prone to it and why?

Many thanks,
Elshan.

Re: [MW:11222] AISI 4130 MATERIALS

Unlisted

On Mon, May 30, 2011 at 8:19 PM, bhaskar rao <pbrao1968@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear Experts,

Please give me the answer regarding P No.

What is P No. of AISI-4130 Material.

Thankyou & Best Regards,

PBRAO.

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Thanks & regards,

K.Babu

Re: [MW:11221] ARC Blow

Hi,

Apart from all these, arc blow can be avoided , from changing DC to AC , if AC is OK for your job.

N. Kumar

--- On Mon, 30/5/11, nayak singh <nayak_tp@yahoo.com> wrote:

From: nayak singh <nayak_tp@yahoo.com>
Subject: Re: [MW:11216] ARC Blow
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Date: Monday, 30 May, 2011, 3:40 PM

unwanted deflection of welding arc from inteded path.
Arc blow comes severe when welding is carried out in confined spaces and corners on heavy metal plate using a dc power source.
Remedies.

1.electrod geometry in non consumable electrod.
2.changing the position of earth clamp.
3.'avoiding the presence of maganite material around wp
4. Put earth clamp away from joint weld
5. Preheating the parts befor welding

On Mon May 30th, 2011 5:25 AM EDT we1414 wrote:

>Dear experts Hello to all of you as i m new to this group.
>my query is about arc blow. pleas explain why it occurs during welding
>and how can it be controlled.
>
>--
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>The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents.

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Re: [MW:11220] any one can explain how welding CRACKS looks on x-ray film of any welded pipes ETC. ----

On Sun, May 29, 2011 at 2:24 PM, sajidalam mohd. <engineer_makes_world@yahoo.co.in> wrote:

DEAR EXPERTS

GOOD DAY

CAN ANY ONE EXPLAIN HOWS CRACKS IN WELD ON X-RAY FILMS LOOKS?

IT LOOK LIKE ZIZ ZAG???

ITS LOOKS LIKE THIN/NARROW STRAIGHT LINE???

BECAUSE I AM CONFUSED ABOUT INDICATION OF CRACKS OF WELDING ON X-RAY FILM?

WAITING FOR REPLY.

REGARDS

MOHAMMAD SAZID ALAM

INSPECTION ENGINEER

AICO-DAMMAM

MOBILE:-0534077860

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The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

C . R . RATHOD
PhD Student

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL,MATERIALS & MECHATRONIC ENGINEERING

SMART BLDG 6, ROOM NO: 107

UNIVERISTY OF WOLLONGONG - 2522

NEW SOUTH WALES

AUSTRALIA

M : +61434059865
P : 04239 2356

A-E : crr716@uowmail.edu.au

______________________________________________________________________________________

[MW:11218] RE: 11149] Re: Reduction temperature for LTCS

Hello MPK,

Please see the attached document ,which gives a broad overview of sour services both as per MR-0175(upstream) and MR-0103(downstream).Feel free ask more questions if you wish.

Note:-to understand sour services one does not have to be a NACE Corrosion specialist. A person with good common sense and engineering background would be able to comprehend the requirements after reading through the above documents.

Regarding " What is reduction temperature for LTCS" if you provide the details about the problem, I would be able to guide you.

Thanks and best regards.

Pradip Goswami,P.Eng.IWE
Welding & Metallurgical Specialist & Consultant
Ontario,Canada.
Email-pgoswami@sympatico.ca,
pgoswami@quickclic.net

-----Original Message-----
From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Kannan
Sent: Wednesday, May 25, 2011 12:26 PM
To: Materials & Welding
Subject: [MW:11149] Re: Reduction temperature for LTCS

To understand Sour service you have to spend some time turning pages of NACE MR 0175 all parts and MR 0103 to start with. Later on API RPs.
After that you are sure to become a corrosion specialist, depending on your understanding.

I fail to understand your question "What is reduction temperature for LTCS ?"

Kannan

On May 18, 1:39 pm, mpk mpk <ranmi2...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Dear Experts,
>
> What is reduction temperature for LTCS & what is sour service.
>
> Thank You.
>
> MPK..

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Re: [MW:11219] any one can explain how welding CRACKS looks on x-ray film of any welded pipes ETC. ----

Hi,

Please see attached.

On Mon, 30 May 2011 17:32:25 +0530 Suresh <bobsuresh24@gmail.com> wrote
>

Cracks always looks like Sharp and strightline not in ZIG ZAG..unless untill stress are involved .
>
>

On Sun, May 29, 2011 at 8:24 AM, sajidalam mohd. <engineer_makes_world@yahoo.co.in> wrote:
>

DEAR EXPERTS

GOOD DAY

CAN ANY ONE EXPLAIN HOWS CRACKS IN WELD ON X-RAY FILMS LOOKS?

IT LOOK LIKE ZIZ ZAG???

ITS LOOKS LIKE THIN/NARROW STRAIGHT LINE???

BECAUSE I AM CONFUSED ABOUT INDICATION OF CRACKS OF WELDING ON X-RAY FILM?

WAITING FOR REPLY.

REGARDS

MOHAMMAD SAZID ALAM

INSPECTION ENGINEER

AICO-DAMMAM

MOBILE:-0534077860

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>The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents.
>

>

>--
>Thanks & Best Regards,
>
>Suresh
>
>Mobile No: 91-92 92 905 905
>
>

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>

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Monday, May 30, 2011

Re: [MW:11217] AISI 4130 MATERIALS

asme equivalent p.no is 4 comes in 1 Cr- 0.5 Mo steels. like sa387 gr11

2011/5/30 bhaskar rao <pbrao1968@gmail.com>

Dear Experts,

Please give me the answer regarding P No.

What is P No. of AISI-4130 Material.

Thankyou & Best Regards,

PBRAO.

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regards,

Harish.

Re: [MW:11216] ARC Blow

unwanted deflection of welding arc from inteded path.
Arc blow comes severe when welding is carried out in confined spaces and corners on heavy metal plate using a dc power source.
Remedies.

1.electrod geometry in non consumable electrod.
2.changing the position of earth clamp.
3.'avoiding the presence of maganite material around wp
4. Put earth clamp away from joint weld
5. Preheating the parts befor welding

On Mon May 30th, 2011 5:25 AM EDT we1414 wrote:

>Dear experts Hello to all of you as i m new to this group.
>my query is about arc blow. pleas explain why it occurs during welding
>and how can it be controlled.
>
>--
>To post to this group, send email to materials-welding@googlegroups.com
>To unsubscribe from this group, send email to materials-welding+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com
>For more options, visit this group's bolg at http://materials-welding.blogspot.com/
>The views expressed/exchnaged in this group are members personel views and meant for educational purposes only, Users must take their own decisions w.r.t. applicable code/standard/contract documents.

Re: [MW:11215] pittings on surface of Shell

Dear Mr Azmi,

Please see UG-16 c) Mill Undertolerance for plates of ASME Sec VIII Div. I.

This allows 0.25 mm less thickness; addition to this please refer Corrosion allowance.

Regards,

Vikas.

On Fri, May 27, 2011 at 2:14 PM, asad azmi <azmiasadayub@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear All,

Greetings.

Pittings (not more than 0.5 mm in depth) observed on the surface of a shell of a Vessel. pls find photos for your reference.

Shell material is SA 36. thickness 8mm. service fluid - water

Code of construction is ASME SEC VIII DIV1

After grindings also pittings can be observed on the large surface of the shell.

Whether these pittings can be accepted as it is OR further grinding is required.

Please Suggest.

Thanks and Regards

Asad Azmi

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[MW:11214] Re: any one can explain how welding CRACKS looks on x-ray film of any welded pipes ETC. ----

Hi..

Crack will appear as narrow very sharp straight , curved, star type in
film

[MW:11213] AISI 4130 MATERIALS

Dear Experts,

Please give me the answer regarding P No.

What is P No. of AISI-4130 Material.

Thankyou & Best Regards,

PBRAO.

RE: [MW:11212] Renewal of Welder Qualification

Limesh,

The welder can be renovated perfectly by the suggested method, see QW-320.

Regards

De: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] En nombre de jaya anil
Enviado el: lunes, 30 de mayo de 2011 7:32
Para: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Asunto: Re: [MW:11208] Renewal of Welder Qualification

Dear Limesh,

Just see clause 452.3 in ASME Sec.IX, there are Diameter restrictions, you have qualified your welder in 1 1/2 " Pipe means he falls in 1"(25mm) to 2 7/8"(73mm) restriction, which says Welder can weld from 1" to unlimited, but now for his renewal you are supporting 8" pipe, So asthetically it is not possible, he may fall in over 2 7/8" ( ie 73mm to unlimited), So better to show RTs of 1 1/2" or less than 2 7/8" Pipe . So that he can regain his qualification subject to his contuity record.

On Sat, May 28, 2011 at 6:29 PM, limesh M <limesh78@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear All,

Welder Qualification Code: ASME BPV SEC IX

I have a qualified welder with following diameter range.

1.1/2'' and above

Now his qualification is going to expire and I would like to renew it by showing supporting radiography reports.

Is it possible to renew the above qualification by showing the radiography report of an 8" diameter pipe?

Regards,

Limesh

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RE: [MW:11211] ARC Blow

In general The shifting of the arc in various directions in electric-arc welding due to the magnetic fields at the arc.

A welding arc may be deflected away from the point of welding, which can mean that the weld quality may suffer. Such arc deflection, usually forward or backward of the welding direction, is known as 'arc blow'.

Arc blow tends to occur if the material being welded has residual magnetism at a certain level, particularly when the weld root is being made. This is due to interaction between the directional magnetic field of the welding arc and the directional field of the residual magnetism.

Remedies for Arc Blow - Arc blow can be minimized by keeping the following factors in view:

1. Electrode geometry in non consumable electrode welding (e.g., TIG and carbon arc welding).

2. Changing the position of earth clamp or current return lead and welding away from the earth connection.

3. Avoiding the presence of (or rearranging) magnetic materials around the workpiece and arc.

4. Storing workpieces away from magnetic sources, such as welding power sources.

5. Lowering the arc current.

ETC

Thanks

Regards,

Prakash Verma

Aker Drilling Risers

Aker Solutions

MOBILE - 0047-40466591

DESK- 0047-22945932

Email: Prakash.Verma@akersolutions.com

-----Original Message-----
From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of we1414
Sent: 30. mai 2011 11:26
To: Materials & Welding
Subject: [MW:11206] ARC Blow

Dear experts Hello to all of you as i m new to this group.

my query is about arc blow. pleas explain why it occurs during welding

and how can it be controlled.

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RE: [MW:11210] Welding consumable for CD3Mn

You can use Duplex 2209 AC-DC it is specially formulated for welding Type 2205 combining with high strength with improved pitting & SCC resistance.

Smooth running arc gives you uniform bead.

Cheers!!!!

Regards,
Prakash Verma
Aker Drilling Risers
Aker Solutions
MOBILE - 0047-40466591
DESK- 0047-22945932
Email: Prakash.Verma@akersolutions.com

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of fredric prabu
Sent: 30. mai 2011 07:21
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: [MW:11202] Welding consumable for CD3Mn

Dear experts

Can some body suggest suitable welding consumable for welding casting grade CD3Mn , UNS J92205 in SMAW process.

Thanks

Regards

Fredric prabu

[MW:11209] Hydrotest Pressure of Pipe SA 312 TP 304

Dear All,

Can anybody tell me in detail the required hydrotest pressure as per ASME
Section II A Code at the Pipe manufacturers end for material SA 312 TP 304.

I have already read the SA 999 clause no. 22.2 Hydrostatic test, after
reading also i have not cleared that what is the code requirement.

Regards,

Kapil Bhamburdekar

Re: [MW:11208] Renewal of Welder Qualification

Dear Limesh,

On Sat, May 28, 2011 at 6:29 PM, limesh M <limesh78@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear All,

Welder Qualification Code: ASME BPV SEC IX

I have a qualified welder with following diameter range.

1.1/2'' and above

Now his qualification is going to expire and I would like to renew it by showing supporting radiography reports.

Is it possible to renew the above qualification by showing the radiography report of an 8" diameter pipe?

Regards,

Limesh

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RE: [MW:11207] Root Pass Welding

Hi,

E6010: This basic, all-purpose electrode was developed for pipe welding. It has a high cellulose sodium coating and can be operated in all positions. The E6010 works well on dirty, rusted or greasy metals and small-diameter pipes.

Regards,
Prakash Verma
Aker Drilling Risers
Aker Solutions
MOBILE - 0047-40466591
DESK- 0047-22945932
Email: Prakash.Verma@akersolutions.com

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of gohil tushar mansukhlal
Sent: 30. mai 2011 09:12
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [MW:11203] Root Pass Welding

Dear Friend

E6010 is Sellulosic coated electrode which is having high penetrating power so it is used for root welding.

On Mon, 30 May 2011 12:17:11 +0530 wrote
>Dear Experts,
Can you pl share why E 6010 electrode used in Root pass welding ?
Best Regards,Deva

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Thanks with Regards From

TUSHAR GOHIL

Mobile No: 9510918745 & 7204626800

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[MW:11206] ARC Blow

Dear experts Hello to all of you as i m new to this group.
my query is about arc blow. pleas explain why it occurs during welding
and how can it be controlled.

[MW:11205] Re: welding of carbon steel to cast iron

apply a surface layer on cast iron side with ENi-1 electrode ample
enough to compensate dilution effects then weld it with any suitable
welding electrode compatible with your carbon steel grade.

On May 29, 4:29 pm, Ahmed Eissa <ahmedeiss...@yahoo.com> wrote:
> dear experts
>
> does any one has welded carbon steel to cast iron before?
> what filler metal to use?
> what precausions should be taken?
>
> any valuable data will be appreciated.

[MW:11204] Crater distance

Dear experts,

good mornning,

Can any body explain for crater distance as per ASME B 31.3 (Layer & near the pass )

Thank you

MPK...

Re: [MW:11203] Root Pass Welding

Treat yourself at a restaurant, spa, resort and much more with Rediff Deal ho jaye!

[MW:11202] Welding consumable for CD3Mn

Dear experts

Can some body suggest suitable welding consumable for welding casting grade CD3Mn , UNS J92205 in SMAW process.

Thanks

Regards

Fredric prabu

RE: [MW:11201] pittings on surface of Shell

As this vessel is low pressure water service, you could do buttering onto the shell pitting areas by using qualified WPS & welder.

Make smooth grinding and MPI before buttering and do MPI after buttering.

(Of course, ASME SEC VIII DIV1 requirement to be checked and derogate as required)

Rgds,

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Ahmed Eissa
Sent: Saturday, May 28, 2011 10:36 PM
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: [MW:11177] pittings on surface of Shell

please refer to API 510 (corrosion and minimum thickness evaluation) clause , since you have corrosion allawance 3mm, thus you do not to fear, but we have smillar case in our plant so we applied internal coat (joutn marthon) as this coat is hard and applied to splash zone in offshore rig, and we inspect it after one year the condition of paint was excellent and no pitting was observed , you have to think in internal coating to stop pitting from proceeding.

--- On Sat, 5/28/11, asad azmi <azmiasadayub@gmail.com> wrote:

From: asad azmi <azmiasadayub@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [MW:11173] pittings on surface of Shell
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Date: Saturday, May 28, 2011, 5:44 AM

vessel is newly consturcted. there is no problem regarding thickness. corrosion allowance is 3 mm.

Regards

On Sat, May 28, 2011 at 7:36 AM, Suresh <bobsuresh24@gmail.com> wrote:

Hii,

You should mentioned below info requirement prior to take any decision .

1. How long period in service .

2.What is previous Corrosion allowance as Inspection was carried out .

3.you should mentioned in what area to be taken under serious consideration and how much depth in major areas.

Thank you

Suresh

On Fri, May 27, 2011 at 12:44 PM, asad azmi <azmiasadayub@gmail.com> wrote:

Dear All,

Greetings.

Pittings (not more than 0.5 mm in depth) observed on the surface of a shell of a Vessel. pls find photos for your reference.

Shell material is SA 36. thickness 8mm. service fluid - water

Code of construction is ASME SEC VIII DIV1

After grindings also pittings can be observed on the large surface of the shell.

Whether these pittings can be accepted as it is OR further grinding is required.

Please Suggest.

Thanks and Regards

Asad Azmi

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Thanks & Best Regards,

Suresh

Mobile No: 91-92 92 905 905

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[MW:11200] RE: 11185] Root Pass Welding

It has good penetration.

Best regards,

Syed Waheedullah Shah

Unit Manager Inspection

Pakarab Fertilizers

Multan

Tel. Office: +92-61-90613098

Mob.: +92-333-3829925

+92-300-2221535

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Viji M
Sent: Sunday, May 29, 2011 10:14 AM
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: [MW:11185] Root Pass Welding

Dear Experts,

Can you pl share why E 6010 electrode used in Root pass welding ?

Best Regards,

Deva

RE: [MW:11199] Root Pass Welding

For deep and better penetration as backside gouging/welding is not possible

Regards

Ajay Goel

Date: Sun, 29 May 2011 09:14:22 +0400
Subject: [MW:11185] Root Pass Welding
From: devashri07@gmail.com
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com

Dear Experts,

Can you pl share why E 6010 electrode used in Root pass welding ?

Best Regards,

Deva

[MW:11198] RE: 11185] Root Pass Welding

Who said ...? These electrodes can also root filler and caping, mostly used for welding pipe line or (welding down) ASME XI IS THAT I KNOW

RGDS

IBNU

From: materials-welding@googlegroups.com [mailto:materials-welding@googlegroups.com] On Behalf Of Viji M
Sent: 29 Mei 2011 12:14
To: materials-welding@googlegroups.com
Subject: [MW:11185] Root Pass Welding

Dear Experts,

Can you pl share why E 6010 electrode used in Root pass welding ?

Best Regards,

Deva

Re: [MW:11197] Difference Between Blowing and Purging

Dear Hafiz,

Steam blowing will be done generally to clean the steam piping before put the steam piping into service this will remove all loose mill scale, rust and foreign materials from piping. If left uncleaned, these particles will reach steam turbine blades through piping and damage them. Used for steam piping and steam circuits of boilers - power plants

Nitrogen purging is charging the piping with nitrogen gas before charging the line with hydro carbons/chemicals to make them inert (to displace the atmospheric air which contains oxgen) to avoid any explosion/chemical reaction. Used for hydrocarbon piping, pressure vessels, equipment etc. - oil and gas

Regards,

T.V.Ramakrishna.

On Sun, May 29, 2011 at 3:33 PM, Hafiz Ali Alvi <alimalvi300@hotmail.com> wrote:

Hello All,

My question is about difference between Blowing (e.g Steam Blowing) and Purging (e.g Nitrogen Purging). What is the main difference between these two operations and for what service we use it.

Regards.

Hafiz Ali Alvi

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Sunday, May 29, 2011

Re: [MW:11196] Root Pass Welding

Because It has a very good metal penetration with a low electric amperage.

Regards,

jml, Colombia South America

2011/5/29 Viji M <devashri07@gmail.com>

Dear Experts,

Can you pl share why E 6010 electrode used in Root pass welding ?

Best Regards,

Deva

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Re: [MW:11195] purging/backing gas...............

Moisture is problem for defects and it shall be less than 5PPM is always give better result

as u mentioned gas flow rate is too high, pl check again and recommend

On Wed, May 25, 2011 at 6:36 PM, kalyan vvv <vvvkalli@gmail.com> wrote:

Hi mustaffi,

It is better to use 99.998% purity of ultra pure argon as a purging & shielding gas.It gives sound quality of welding and better results.

In this other components are

                                         oxygen   -- < 4.00PPM

                                         Moisture -- < 4.00PPM

                                         THC       -- < 0.5PPM

Oxygen & moisture percentage is more than 0.4PPM it may leads to corrosion ,contamination & porosity.

Maintain gas flow rate between 25 to 40PPM.

--

THANKS & REGARDS

KALYAN VVV

WELDING ENGINEER

THYSSEN KRUPP INDUSTRIES (INDIA) LTD
HYDERABAD

Mob.NO- 09885273257

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Re: [MW:11194] any one can explain how welding CRACKS looks on x-ray film of any welded pipes ETC. ----

http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/TechCalibrations/RadiographInterp.htm

check theabove link

On Sun, May 29, 2011 at 9:54 AM, sajidalam mohd. <engineer_makes_world@yahoo.co.in> wrote:

DEAR EXPERTS

GOOD DAY

CAN ANY ONE EXPLAIN HOWS CRACKS IN WELD ON X-RAY FILMS LOOKS?

IT LOOK LIKE ZIZ ZAG???

ITS LOOKS LIKE THIN/NARROW STRAIGHT LINE???

BECAUSE I AM CONFUSED ABOUT INDICATION OF CRACKS OF WELDING ON X-RAY FILM?

WAITING FOR REPLY.

REGARDS

MOHAMMAD SAZID ALAM

INSPECTION ENGINEER

AICO-DAMMAM

MOBILE:-0534077860
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Arunachalam.A,

Abu Dhabi Gas Industries Ltd,

P.O.Box # 50124

Abu Dhabi, UAE

Mobile : +971-50-5257122